Proposed factors explaining heightened vulnerability to violence include social exclusion and isolation, reliance of women with disabilities on partners and/ or carers, and the intersection of disability and lack of economic independence, which can compound issues of reliance on abusers. Risk factors for violence against women with disabilities may be the same as risk factors for women without disabilities, yet there also may be specific pathways through which women’s vulnerability to violence is heightened due to disability. Yet, significant limitations remain in current understanding of the relationship between disability and violence against women, including that some analyses do not adequately account for gender and its shaping of vulnerability to violence. Literature reviews, systematic reviews and comparative data analyses focusing on violence and disability have indicated that adults with disability are at greater risk for exposure to violence. For example, analyses of the association between IPV and disability from seven violence-prevention programs in low and middle-income countries indicates consistent associations between past-year exposure to IPV and disability, with associations stronger with increasing severity of self-reported disability. Disability has been found to be a risk factor for exposure to violence amongst women and has been found to influence dynamics and patterns of women’s exposure to violence. Recent estimates indicate that one in three women aged 15 and older globally have experienced intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Violence against women is a global public health challenge and violation of human rights.
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